Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Robert Higgs shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Robert Higgs offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Robert Higgs at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Robert Higgs? Wrong! If the Robert Higgs is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Robert Higgs then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Robert Higgs? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Robert Higgs and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Robert Higgs wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Robert Higgs then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Robert Higgs site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Robert Higgs, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Robert Higgs, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
image:Robert_higgs.jpg
Robert Higgs (born 1 February
1944) is an United States economics of the Austrian School.
Participation in academia
Higgs graduated
cum laude from
San Francisco State College with a
Bachelor of Arts in economics (1965). He received his PhD with Distinction in economics from Johns Hopkins University in 1968.
He is a Senior Fellow in
Political Economy at the
Independent Institute (since September 1994), and is editor of
Independent Review (since 1995). He is an adjunct faculty member of the
Ludwig von Mises Institute and is an adjunct scholar at the
Cato Institute. Higgs is also a contributor to
LewRockwell.com. His areas of special interest include defense economics, environmental economics, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and health care issues, government growth,
property rights, race relations, and war.
Higgs has held teaching positions at University of Washington,
Lafayette College, and Seattle University. He has also been a visiting scholar at Oxford University and Stanford University, and has supervised
dissertations in the PhD program at Universidad Francisco Marroquín. He also belongs to the Liberty and Power group blog at the History News Network.
Higgs currently resides in
Covington, Louisiana.
The Ratchet Effect
One significant contribution by Higgs is his description of what he refers to in
Crisis and Leviathan (and elsewhere) as the ratchet effect. According to Higgs, government tends to grow at a fairly regular rate under normal circumstances. When a crisis such as war or
economic depression arises, however, government expands at a far more rapid pace in response. Then, when the crisis subsides, the size of government is reduced, but not to the pre-crisis levels. Thus, crises "ratchet up" the size of government at a rate greater than would otherwise be the case.
According to a Mises Institute article detailing the July 2003 Higgs seminar, "Crisis and Liberty: The Expansion of Government Power in American History,"
His "ratchet" theory of the expansion of power provides a model for understanding the current policy environment in which the government is using war and the threat of terrorism to justify its assaults on the personal and economic liberties of Americans.
Tibor Machan, Jörg Guido Hülsmann,
Joseph Salerno,
Lew Rockwell, and other scholars have discussed the Higgs Ratchet Effect in their writings.
Books
As author:
- Competition and Coercion: Blacks in the American Economy, 1865-1914 (1977; paperback edition 1980) Nominated for the American Historical Association's Beveridge Award
- Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (1987)
- Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society (2004)
- Resurgence of the Warfare State: The Crisis Since 9/11 (2005)
- Depression, War and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy (2006)
As editor:
- Arms, Politics, and the Economy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (1990)
- Hazardous to Our Health? FDA Regulation of Health Care Products (1995)
- Re-Thinking Green: Alternatives to Environmental Bureaucracy with Carl P. Close (2005)
- The Challenge of Liberty: Classical Liberalism Today with Carl P. Close (2006)
External links
- Independent Institute biography
- Liberty and Power Group Blog.
- LewRockwell.com archive
- Mises.org archive
image:Robert_higgs.jpgRobert Higgs (born
1 February 1944) is an United States economics of the
Austrian School.
Participation in academia
Higgs graduated
cum laude from
San Francisco State College with a Bachelor of Arts in economics (1965). He received his PhD with Distinction in economics from
Johns Hopkins University in 1968.
He is a Senior Fellow in Political Economy at the
Independent Institute (since September 1994), and is editor of
Independent Review (since 1995). He is an adjunct faculty member of the
Ludwig von Mises Institute and is an adjunct scholar at the
Cato Institute. Higgs is also a contributor to LewRockwell.com. His areas of special interest include defense economics, environmental economics, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and health care issues, government growth, property rights, race relations, and
war.
Higgs has held teaching positions at University of Washington, Lafayette College, and Seattle University. He has also been a visiting scholar at Oxford University and
Stanford University, and has supervised dissertations in the PhD program at Universidad Francisco Marroquín. He also belongs to the
Liberty and Power group blog at the History News Network.
Higgs currently resides in Covington, Louisiana.
The Ratchet Effect
One significant contribution by Higgs is his description of what he refers to in
Crisis and Leviathan (and elsewhere) as the ratchet effect. According to Higgs, government tends to grow at a fairly regular rate under normal circumstances. When a crisis such as war or
economic depression arises, however, government expands at a far more rapid pace in response. Then, when the crisis subsides, the size of government is reduced, but not to the pre-crisis levels. Thus, crises "ratchet up" the size of government at a rate greater than would otherwise be the case.
According to a
Mises Institute article detailing the July 2003 Higgs seminar, "Crisis and Liberty: The Expansion of Government Power in American History,"
His "ratchet" theory of the expansion of power provides a model for understanding the current policy environment in which the government is using war and the threat of terrorism to justify its assaults on the personal and economic liberties of Americans.
Tibor Machan, Jörg Guido Hülsmann, Joseph Salerno, Lew Rockwell, and other scholars have discussed the Higgs Ratchet Effect in their writings.
Books
As author:
- Competition and Coercion: Blacks in the American Economy, 1865-1914 (1977; paperback edition 1980) Nominated for the American Historical Association's Beveridge Award
- Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (1987)
- Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society (2004)
- Resurgence of the Warfare State: The Crisis Since 9/11 (2005)
- Depression, War and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy (2006)
As editor:
- Arms, Politics, and the Economy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (1990)
- Hazardous to Our Health? FDA Regulation of Health Care Products (1995)
- Re-Thinking Green: Alternatives to Environmental Bureaucracy with Carl P. Close (2005)
- The Challenge of Liberty: Classical Liberalism Today with Carl P. Close (2006)
External links
- Independent Institute biography
- Liberty and Power Group Blog.
- LewRockwell.com archive
- Mises.org archive
Anti-Bullying articles and advice from Robert Higgs, author of 'So ...
Homepage of Robert Higgs, anti-bullying speaker, writer, and author of 'Bullying: What Have I Ever Done To You?' ...
Robert Higgs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Robert Higgs (born 1 February 1944) is an American economist of the Austrian School. His writings in economics and economic history have most often focused on the causes, means ...
Robert Higgs: The Independent Institute
Newsroom. Experts; In The News; News Releases; Commentary Articles; Events. Upcoming and Recent Events; Past Events; Transcripts; Audio; Video; Buy Event Materials
The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here: Newsroom: The ...
Robert Higgs. When President George W. Bush presented his budget proposals recently for the fiscal year 2008, he emphasized that the nation’s security is his highest priority, and ...
Amazon.com: Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of ...
Amazon.com: Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (A Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy Book): Robert Higgs: Books ...
Amazon.com: Neither Liberty nor Safety: Fear, Ideology, and the Growth ...
Amazon.com: Neither Liberty nor Safety: Fear, Ideology, and the Growth of Government (Independent Studies in Political Economy): Robert Higgs: Books ...
Trade Association Forum - Profile of Robert Higgs
The definitive guide to trade associations, federations and guilds in the UK. The Trade Association Forum is a joint initiative of the Confederation of British Industry and the ...
Is Bush Unhinged? by Robert Higgs
Is Bush Unhinged? by Robert Higgs by Robert Higgs. Before you conclude that I myself must be unhinged even to raise such a question, ask ...
Robert Higgs: Archives
Robert Higgs: Archives. Past articles by Robert Higgs on LewRockwell.com. Who Was Colonel House? Robert Higgs on a hidden architect of the American empire
Mises Audio/Video Robert Higgs
Mises Media. All our conferences on such diverse topics as welfare, bureaucracy, war, and monetary reform, as well as our weekly seminars, are available online.
